Sawmill Log Grades and Majority Specifications
(from Grade Value Increase Rates paper)

Hardwoods

Log Grade	MinimumTip Diameter	Minimum Length	Clear Faces
Prime	16"	8'	4
Select	14"	8'	4
One	12"	8'	3
Two	12"	8'	2
Three	10"	8'	1
Four	10"	8'	0

White pine

Log Grade	MinimumTip Diameter	Minimum Length	Clear Faces
Prime	16"	12'	4
Select	14"	12'	3
One	14"	12'	<1" red knot
Two	12"	12'	<2.5" red knot
Three	8"	8'	<2.5" red knot
Four	8"	8'	<4" red knot

Red pine

Log Grade	MinimumTip Diameter	Minimum Length	Clear Faces
Prime	16"	12'	4
Select	14"	12'	4
One	12"	12'	3
Two	10"	12'	0
Three	8"	12'	0
Four	6"	12'	0

Spruce

Log Grade	MinimumTip Diameter	Minimum Length	Clear Faces
Prime	13"	12'	4
Select	13"	12'	1 knot
One	12"	12'	2 knots
Two	10"	12'	0
Three	8"	12'	0
Four	6"	12'	0

Hemlock

Log Grade	MinimumTip Diameter	Minimum Length	Clear Faces
One	12"	20'	0
Two	10"	16'	0
Three	8"	12'	0
Four	8"	8'	0

Hardwood Log and Tree Values (from NPV Appraisals paper)

Log Grade	MinimumTip Diameter	Minimum Length	Clear Faces	Mill $ per Mbf	Stump $ per Mbf
Prime	16"	8' or 10'	4	880	760
Select	14"	8'	4	720	600
One	12"	8'	3	560	440
Two	12"	8'	2	340	220
Three	10"	8'	1	180	60
Four	10"	8'	0	100	-20

Table 1. Hardwood log grades with average specifications and prices for red oak in southern New England, spring 1995.  Stumpage prices assume $120 per Mbf for logging and trucking.

8' Log	Tip Diameter	Log Grade	bf Intn'l*	$ per Mbf	Log $
1	16"	Prime	85	760	65
2	14"	Select	65	600	39
3	12"	One	45	440	20
4	10"	Two	30	220	7
Totals:			225		130
$ per Mbf  for Whole Tree:				578
Whole Tree $ per Mbf  / Second 8' Log $ per Mbf:				96%
*Ashley 1989

Table 3.   Estimated tree value for a red oak, tree grade 1, 18 DBH, 2 logs using log grade specifications and prices from Table 1.